怎么设计简单的PIC16F877A开发板

是的，如果可以的话，使用一个新的PIC！对于晶体帽，有时来自PCB或布线的寄生电容使其振荡相同。不过，最好还是提供它们。



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    Yep, use a newer PIC if you can!
 
As for crystal caps, sometimes the parasitic capacitance from pcb or wiring make it oscillate all the same. Still, it's better to provide them.

不，我不能把电子部的仓库装满PIC16F87A，因为它是最好的，可能还有其他PIC16F84A或其他类似的旧芯片。好吧，还有其他的PCB设计的建议或想法吗？



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    No, I can't the warehouse of electronics department is full of PIC16F877A as it's the best one, there might be some other PIC16F84A or other similar old chips.
 
OK, any other advice or ideas for the PCB design?

PIC16F87将是一个更好的选择。



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    The PIC16F887 would be a better choice.

是的，但是我们的股票是PIC16F87A。正如我提到的一个部门，他们买了很多筹码来训练。



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    Yes, but the stock we have is the PIC16F877A. As one of the department mentioned to me that they bought a lot of these chips for training.

这2个芯片是引脚兼容的。源代码将需要较小的TWAL。当你炸毁你的PIC16F87AS的股票时，你可以用87S替换它们。还有较新的、更便宜的芯片，但是你需要“升级”到MPLAB X。



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    These 2 chips are pin compatible. Source code would need minor tweeks. When you blow up your stock of the PIC16F877As, you can replace them with the 887s. There are newer, cheaper chips also but you would need to "upgrade" to MPLAB X.

嗯，很难说清楚。数量能有多大？这是干什么用的？真正的基本事物被提及。电源，MCLR，ICSP-CONTIONS。引脚也有连接器，也做一些东西……你熟悉电子设备吗？有些按钮肯定会很好。还有一些LED。旋转编码器也不错。但是，应该有一个连接器，甚至一个完整的LCD显示器。例如2x16字符，你可以显示非常简单的有趣的东西。一种用于对比度的电位器，也许是一个用PWM驱动背光的晶体管。也许一个或多个电位器的一些ADC阅读材料也会很好。也许你想把RS232板上，或串行EEPROM，或温度传感器，或7段LED显示器，或128x64像素显示…也许最好用一些需要的硬件制作一些插件板。像振荡器这样的插座，肯定能用不同的频率工作……保持简单，不要试图实现一切可能。



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    Well, hard to tell. How big can the amount be?
What is it for? The real basic things are mentioned. Power, MCLR, ICSP-Connector.
The pins got to have connectors, too, to make something...
Are you familiar with electronics?
Some Buttons would be nice for sure. Also some LEDs. A rotary encoder might be nice, too. But then there should be a connector or even a complete LCD-Display. With for example 2x16 characters you can display very simple enough for interesting stuff. A potentiometer for contrast and perhaps a transistor for drivng the backlight with PWM would be nice. Perhaps than one or more potentiometers for some ADC reading stuff would be nice, too.
Perhaps you want to put RS232 onboard, or a serial eeprom, or temperature sensor, or 7-segment led display, or a 128x64 pixel display... perhaps it is better to make some add-on Boards with needed hardware.
 
Something like a socket for the crystal oscillator would be for sure nice to work with different frequencies....
Keep it simple and don't try to implement everything possible....

+ 1用于水晶插座。如果你使用一个14引脚DIL插座，你也可以使用晶体振荡器模块，甚至插入一个上拉电阻，如果你想使用RC振荡器模式。OSC2将连接到插座引脚，这是正确的间距远离OSC1为普通晶体，但是一个未使用的引脚为DIL 14引脚足迹振荡器模块。22PF至33 PF的负载上限晶体可以永久地留在电路中。我建议一个很短的电缆线束为ICSP提供一些灵活性，否则它很难在皮卡3 ICSP连接器。如果你简单地在板边上使用直角头，那么学生就不会轻视板和PICkit 3S来避免麻烦。如果板被固定到基板上，并且拾取器3在USB连接器端部被固定到同一基板上，也可以避免损坏。这可能是值得的。G的PIC引脚到一个ARDUIO兼容头页脚，允许使用廉价的阿杜诺盾牌。确保您在兼容的位置获得UART、SPI和I2C引脚。；）



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    +1 for socket the crystal.  If you use a 14 pin DIL socket, you can also use crystal oscillator modules or even plug in a pullup resistor if you want to use the RC oscillator mode.  OSC2 would connect to a socket pin that's the correct spacing away from OSC1 for plain crystals, but is an unused pin for DIL 14 pin footprint oscillator modules.  22pF to 33pF load caps for the crystal can be left permanently in circuit.
 
I would recommend a very short cable harness for ICSP to provide some flexibility as otherwise its very hard on the PICkit 3 ICSP connector.  Students wont treat the boards and PICkit 3s gently enough to avoid trouble if you simply use a right-angle header at the board edge   OTOH you can also avoid damage if the board is fixed to a baseplate and the PICkit 3 is velcroed to the same baseplate at its USB connector end.
 
It may be worth mapping the PIC pinout to an Arduino compatible header footprint to allow the use of dirt-cheap Arduino shields.   Make sure you get the UART, SPI and I2C pins in compatible locations. ;)

嗯，是的，这两个芯片是兼容的，但是我们的编译器是流代码V4，因为它更容易被训练。就像很多人告诉我的，我进入了仓库。它不是那么大，它像3×5米。但是芯片不会超过几百个。也许它可以超过，如果有另一个地方某处。LCD1602只是一个盒子，它可以包含像40个单位和一些传感器。不是很多。当然，如果你可以查看主页，我可以在谷歌图片上找到一些开发板设计的链接。你知道所有这些附加组件都很好，但是我开始想到另一种为学生提供DeV板的方法。ENT必须在一个电路板上工作，每次都要做所有的布线，所以他知道程序和微控制器是如何工作的，以及它所需要的每一个时间。我认为提供新的DEV板不是很有用，但是它能有效地训练容易和节省时间。但是我们可以提供DEV B。在学期的一半之后，作为奖励。那怎么样？所以，让我回到您的关于PCB设计的特性的好建议。关于输入/输出模块的一个主要问题，我想我还需要实现开关来连接/断开模块与端口引脚。我说的对吗？关于特点：1。水晶插座很好，因为PIC16F87A需要一个晶体的运作。当然，其他芯片也不错，2。LCD显示器将是高级练习，很难让学生在短时间内掌握，也许在下一个训练计划中。3。RS232也是一个高级的话题，因为它是关于串行通信的，并且我没有在当前的计划中包含串行通信。4。按钮，功率计，LED是考虑到的，因为学生可能会连接这些模块在电路板上。因为学生必须用面包板来连接不同的练习。我不确定，这是我的练习计划，因为学生必须在布线上工作很多，这样他才能知道很多关于布线威廉希尔官方网站 和故障的知识。



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Well, yeah these two chips are pin compatible, but the compiler we have is flowcode v4 because it's easier for training.
 

Quite a lot as one told me, I entered the warehouse. It's not so big, it's like 3*5 m.
But the chips won't be more than couple hundreds. Maybe it could more than that if there another amount somewhere.
The LCD1602 is only one box and it could contain like 40 units and some sensors .. not a lot.
 
 
Of course, if you could review the main post, I included  some links to dev boards designs I found on google images.
 

 You know what all these add-ons are very nice but I started to think of another approach of providing dev boards for students.
 
How about keeping the same training system, where the student have to work on a breadboard and do all the wiring everytime, so he know the procedure and how the microcontroller works and what it needs everytime.
 
I think providing new dev boards wouldn't be very useful, but it's efficient for training easiness and time savings.
 
But we could provide the dev boards as a reward after like the half of the semester. How about that?
 
So, that get me back to your nice suggestions about the features of the PCB design.
 
One main concern to me about adding the input/output modules, I think I need also to implement switches to connect/disconnect the modules from the port pins. Am I right?
 
In regard to the features:
1. The crystal socket is nice as the PIC16F877A need a crystal for operation. And of course it would be nice two for the other chips.
2. The LCD displays would be advanced exercises, and hard for students to grasp in a short time, maybe in the next training plan.
3. RS232 also an advanced topic because it's about serial communication, and I didn't include serial communication in the current plan.
4. Button, potentionmeter, LEDs are into consideration, because the students might connect these modules on the breadboard. Because the student has to work with the breadboard to connect different exercises. I'm not sure, this is my plan for the exercises because the student has to work a lot with wiring so he can know a lot about wiring techniques and faults.
 
 

看看Goopunic PIC开发板的灵感是什么车载外围设备和设施包括。像开关+ PuluPS和LED +串联电阻器预先安装在PCB上，可以跳过电路板，节省了大量宝贵的训练时间，PCB、ICSP连接、解耦和时钟电路在PCB上可以防止很多问题，可以阻止学生。在可用的时间完成他们的实际作业，浪费实验室监督员的时间。在这一过程中，聪明的事情是，用较低的引脚数PIC16，例如18针一个，来学习欣赏去耦、时钟电路、ICSP连接等。



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    Look at the Gooligum PIC development board for inspiration on what on-board peripherals and facilities to include.   Having stuff like switches + pullups and LEDs + series resistors pre-mounted on a PCB that can be jumpered across to the breadboard saves a *LOT* of valuable training time and having the PIC, ICSP connection, decoupling and clock circuit on the PCB prevents a lot of problems that can stop students completing their practical assignments in the time available and waste the time of the lab supervisors.  
 
IMHO the smart thing to would be, later on in the course, to breadboard with a lower pin count PIC16 e.g. an 18 pin one, to learn to appreciate  decoupling, clock circuits, ICSP connections etc.

嗯，很难说。你想教什么？做一些焊接是很好的，但是，是需要时间的。但是有很多的积极性。首先，可能性不会改变。硬件学习是最大的。但是真的那么大吗？这取决于需求。但时间确实是一个关键因素，那么其他的东西呢？下一个选项是使用一些电路板。然后有更多的时间用于软件，但学习硬件也很重要。所以可能是受训者只是在软件中进行软件布局。也许是免费电影制作人。但是有人控制了设计。没有焊接。介绍使用的配置是下一步，因为硬件存在并且需要知道TJE软件。因此，有更多的时间来做软件。软件和硬件都是非常重要和非常复杂的，但硬件更难，因为你需要找到你所需要的，你必须知道你能用什么，…对于软件，你不应该使用流代码。为什么不使用C和XC8呢？是的，软件是非常复杂的，但是从简单的东西开始是正确的。CKECK是没有问题的。只是KTKEK：http://Endog/Posials/PIC微控制器/MPLAB-XC8/http://www. iBrimiLaStudio.com／2014／08／LCD-Te界面与PIC16F87CODE-和.HTMLHTTPS: //PIC-微控制器项目Stutp://ExthimeEngICS.CO.I/PIC-DeMeMe真正使用NT板/ A型热继电器-PIC16F87A/A型液晶显示器。只需给出使用LCD的必要代码，就可以看到很多东西，例如ADC值，可能是处理ADC值的错误软件……所以一些电路板非常好，当有插头触点或带状电缆时，只需要插入硬件，而不需要开关N。但设计却在挑战，最后一个可能就是解开软件，用软件制作示意图和编程。似乎Proteus可以模拟硬件、PICS和它的软件。



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    Hm. Hard to say. What would you like to teach? Doing some soldering is very nice, but yes, it takes time.
But there are lot of posibilities.
First of all possibilities, there will be no change. The learning in hardware is the biggest. But is it really that big? that depends on requirements. But for sure time is a critical factor, so what about the other stuff?
 
The next option is using some boards. Then there is more time for software, but learning hardware is also important. So perhaps it is possible trainees are making layouts in software on only in software. Perhaps the free CIRCUITMAKER. But than someone got to control the designs. And there is no soldering.
Presenting the used configuration is the next step, because the hardware exist and there is need to know for tje software. So there is more time for doing software. Software and hardware are both very important and very complex, but hardware is harder, because you need to find what you need, you must know what you can use,... And for software you should not use flowcode. Why not using C and XC8? Yes, software is very complex, but starting with easy stuff would be the right way. It is no problem in going harder.
Just ckeck out:
 
https://electrosome.com/category/tutorials/pic-microcontroller/mplab-xc8/
http://www.ibrahimlabs.com/2014/08/lcd-interfacing-with-pic16f877-code-and.html
https://circuitdigest.com/pic-microcontroller-projects
http://extremeelectronics.co.in/pic-development-board/making-a-thermometer-with-pic16f877a/
 
A LCD sould really be used. Just give the needed code for using a LCD and a lot of things can be seen, for example the ADC-Value, a perhaps a wrong software handling the ADC-Value...
So some boards would be very nice and when there are plug contacts or ribbon cables then just needed hardware is plugged in and no switches are needed, but the design is challanging.
 
The last possibility is just unsing software and making schematics and programming in software. Seems like proteus can simulate hardware, pics and its software.

1。为什么要用14针插座？是不是另一个芯片与87A一起在DEV板上实现？2。晶体振荡器呢？我想我可以在不同的振荡器上实现2针头。3。如何为可选的RC振荡器实现拉电阻？如果我想禁用RC振荡器，那我该怎么办？你是说我必须永久地焊接它还是什么？我不知道你的意思，你能给我指点一下网上的照片吗？你说得对。现在我们使用电路板、LED和电阻器。对芯片或组件没有太大的损害。底板的想法不清楚，你能提供一个谷歌图像的例子吗？这是一个先进的步骤，因为我们现在选择的练习非常容易。我不确定是否应该教那些对微控制器了解不多的学生，比如UART、I2C或SPI之类的高级课程。我不明白。我有ARDUNO公司的董事会，UNO，微型和纳米。你是指纳米板末端的6个独立销吗？



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1. Why would I use 14 pin socket? Is it for another chip to implement on the dev board along with the 877A?
2. What about the crystal oscillator? I think I may implement 2 pin header to different oscillators.
3. How to implement the pull-resistor for optional RC oscillator? If I want to disable the RC oscillator, then what should I do? Do you mean I have to solder it permanently or what?
 
 
I don't know what you mean here, could you direct me to a picture online?
 
 
You're right. Now we use breadboards, LEDs and resistors. There's no much damage for the chip or the components.
The baseplate idea is not clear, could you provide an example from google images?
 

That's an advanced step because our selected exercises now are very easy. I'm not sure if it's appropriate to teach students who don't know much about microcontrollers to advanced topics like UART, I2C or SPI.



How? I didn't understand. I have Arduino dev boards, Uno, micro and nano. Do you mean the 6 separate pin at the end of nano board?

我建议有两个14引脚SIP连接器来匹配28针插槽的每一侧的引脚，可以容纳从8到28引脚的PICS。然后使用跳线连接到一个通用的原型板，以及组件焊接到主板。RMDSDS = SaleChIT也可以使它与ARDUINO风格的“屏蔽”兼容：HTTPS://www. BangGo.COM/ARDUNIO兼容-228 PrtoSosield原型扩展-PC-92641.HTML？RMDS=搜索这里有40个可以使用的PIN女性SIP头。您可以将它们切成更小的长度：HTTPS://wwwangBoo.COM/10PCS40PN-2Y-5MM-FEGAL头连接器-SOCKET-DIY ARDUION-P945 516.HTML？RMDSDS＝搜索SIP SIP头：HTTPS://wwwangBoo.COM/10-PCS40-PI-2Y-5MM-单行MALE-PI-HOR-ARDUNIO-P918427.HTML？RMDSDS＝包括组件的搜索，我建议双LED显示器、16x2液晶显示器、TrimPT、LED、热敏电阻、晶体、按钮和蓝牙模块（便于与计算机串行连接）。你也可以问你的学生他们想用微控制器做什么，并选择相应的组件。



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    I would suggest having two 14-pin SIP connectors to match the pins on each side of a 28 pin DIP socket that can accommodate PICs from 8 to 28 pins. Then use jumpers to connect to a general purpose prototype board, as well as components soldered to the main board.
 
https://www.banggood.com/Prototype-Board-400-Hole-Breadboard-65pcs-Breadboard-Jump-Cable-p-948106.html?rmmds=search
 

 
It would also be good to make it compatible with Arduino style "shields":
 
https://www.banggood.com/Arduino-Compatible-328-ProtoShield-Prototype-Expansion-Board-p-926451.html?rmmds=search
 

 
Here are 40-pin female SIP headers you can use. You can cut them to smaller lengths:
 
https://www.banggood.com/10pcs-40Pin-2_54mm-Female-Header-Connector-Socket-For-DIY-Arduino-p-945516.html?rmmds=search
 

 
Male SIP headers:
 
https://www.banggood.com/10-Pcs-40-Pin-2_54mm-Single-Row-Male-Pin-Header-Strip-For-Arduino-p-918427.html?rmmds=search
 

As for components to include, I would suggest a dual LED display, 16x2 LCD display, trimpot, LEDs, thermistor, crystal, pushbuttons, and Bluetooth module (for easy serial connection to a computer). You might also ask your students what they would like to do with a microcontroller, and choose components accordingly.